Politics - Research Africa > North of Africa > Libya - - Afran Studies - AFRAN Study and Research Institute (Africa & Iran)

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1.Governmwnt

Administrative divisions 25 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ajdabiya, Al 'Aziziyah, Al Fatih, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jufrah, Al Khums, Al Kufrah, An Nuqat al Khams, Ash Shati', Awbari, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Darnah, Ghadamis, Gharyan, Misratah, Murzuq, Sabha, Sawfajjin, Surt, Tarabulus, Tarhunah, Tubruq, Yafran, Zlitan; note - the 25 municipalities may have been replaced by 13 regions
Ambassadors from Finland > Current Finnish Ambassadors > Ambassador	Kaija Ilander
Ambassadors from the United States > Other senior diplomatic representatives > Ambassador	Gregory L. Berry
Ambassadors from the United States > Other senior diplomatic representatives > Title	Principal Officer
Capital city	Tripoli
Capital city > Geographic coordinates	32 53 N, 13 10 E
Capital city > Name	Tripoli
Capital city > Time difference UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Constitution none; note - following the September 1969 military overthrow of the Libyan government, the Revolutionary Command Council replaced the existing constitution with the Constitutional Proclamation in December 1969; in March 1977, Libya adopted the Declaration of the Establishment of the People's Authority
Corruption	2.5	[123rd of 160]
countries' copyright length > Usual term of copyright protection 25 pma with 50-year minimum (as of 1968; may have changed since)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US suspended all embassy activities in Tripoli in May 1980, resumed embassy activities in February 2004 under the protective power of the US interests section of the Belgian Embassy in Tripoli, then opened a Liaison Office in Tripoli in June 2004
Diplomatic representation from the US > Chief of mission Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires J. Christopher STEVENS
Diplomatic representation from the US > Embassy	Serraj Area, Tripoli
Diplomatic representation from the US > Mailing address US Embassy, 8850 Tripoli Place, Washington, DC 20521-8850
Diplomatic representation from the US > Telephone	[218] 91-220-0125
Diplomatic representation in the US Libya does not have an embassy in the US but maintains an interest section under the protective power of the United Arab Emirates Embassy in the US
Diplomatic representation in the US > Chancery 2600 Virginia Avenue NW, Suite 705, Washington, DC 20037
Diplomatic representation in the US > Chief of mission ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Ali Suleiman AUJALI
Diplomatic representation in the US > FAX	[1] (202) 944-9060
Diplomatic representation in the US > Telephone	[1] (202) 944-9601
Elections > Head of state	Election by parliament
embassies and high commissions in Ottawa > Address	81 Metcalfe, Suite 1000
embassies and high commissions in Ottawa > Neighbourhood Downtown
Executive branch > Cabinet General People's Committee established by the General People's Congress
Executive branch > Chief of state Revolutionary Leader Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI (since 1 September 1969); note - holds no official title, but is de facto chief of state
Executive branch > Elections national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of people's committees; head of government elected by the General People's Congress; election last held March 2006 (next to be held NA)
Executive branch > Head of government Secretary of the General People's Committee (Prime Minister) al-Baghdadi Ali al-MAHMUDI (since 5 March 2006)
Flag description plain green; green is the traditional color of Islam (the state religion)
Flag modification	19	[88th of 197]
Foreign relations > Nepal > Date of Establishment	December 30, 1975
Foreign relations of Western Sahara > States recognizing the SADR > Date of recognition April 15, 1980)
General government final consumption expenditure > annual % growth	-7.48 %	[109th of 147]
General government final consumption expenditure > constant LCU	1411000000
General government final consumption expenditure > current LCU	4077000000
General government final consumption expenditure > current US$	3,208,518,000 $	[63rd of 169]
General government final consumption expenditure > current US$ (per $ GDP)	0.167 $ per $1 of GDP	[76th of 184]
General government final consumption expenditure > current US$ (per capita)	581.344 $ per capita	[60th of 184]
Government type Jamahiriya (a state of the masses) in theory, governed by the populace through local councils; in practice, an authoritarian state
Heads of Missions from the United Kingdom Sir Vincent Fean
Heads of Missions from the United Kingdom > Resident Heads of Missions > Type	Embassy
Independence 24 December 1951 (from UN trusteeship)
International organization participation ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, CAEU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court
Legal system based on Italian and French civil law systems and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral General People's Congress (approximately 2,700 seats; members elected indirectly through a hierarchy of people's committees)
National holiday Revolution Day, 1 September
political parties > No party	•
Political parties and leaders	none
Political pressure groups and leaders various Arab nationalist movements with almost negligible memberships may be functioning clandestinely, as well as some Islamic elements; an anti-QADHAFI Libyan exile movement exists, primarily based in London, but has little influence
Political pressure groups and leaders > Other Arab nationalist movements; anti-QADHAFI Libyan exile Movement; Islamic elements
Prime minister	Baghdadi Mahmudi
Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament > %	7.7 %	[140th of 174]
Status	dictatorship
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Transnational Issues > Disputes > International Libya has claimed more than 32,000 sq km in southeastern Algeria and about 25,000 sq km in the Tommo region of Niger in a currently dormant dispute; various Chadian rebels from the Aozou region reside in southern Libya
UN membership date	14 Dec. 1955
United Nations mission http;//www.libya-un.org/index_f.html

SOURCES All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; Wikipedia; List of Ambassadors from Finland ; Wikipedia; Ambassadors from the United States ; CIA World Factbook, 14 June, 2007 ; Transparency International; Wikipedia; List of countries' copyright length ; Wikipedia; Elections by country ; Wikipedia; List of embassies and high commissions in Ottawa ; Flagspot; Wikipedia; Foreign relations of Nepal ; Wikipedia; Foreign relations of Western Sahara ; World Development Indicators database; Wikipedia; Heads of Missions from the United Kingdom ; Wikipedia; List of political parties ; Wikipedia; Prime minister ; electionworld.org; United Nations World Statistics Pocketbook and Statistical Yearbook; Wisconsin High School Model United Nations

ALTERNATIVE NAMES Libya, Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyah al Uzma, libyan arab jamahiriya, the libyan arab jamahiriya

Democracy

Bertelsmann Transformation Index > Management Index 2006	3.14	[102nd of 118]
Bertelsmann Transformation Index > Status Index 2006	4	[94th of 119]
Bertelsmann Transformation Index>Political Transformation	3	[107th of 119]
Civil and political liberties	0	[139th of 140]
Female candidacy	1,964	[22nd of 161]
Female ministers	11.8%	[66th of 125]
Female suffrage	1964
Gender Parity Index in primary level enrolment	0.989838848085609	[3rd of 183]
Homosexuality laws of the world > Homosexuality laws > Laws against homosexuality	Yes

SOURCES Bertelsmann Transformation Index online, 2006; http//www.bertelsmann-transformation ... /BTI_2006_Ranking_GB.pdf; Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2000-2001, New York; Freedom House, 2001; IPU (Inter-Parliamentary Union). 1995. Women in Parliaments 1945-1995; A World Statistical Survey. Geneva and IPU (Inter-Parliamentary Union). 2001. Correspondence on year women received the right to vote and to stand for election and year first woman was elected or appointed to parliament. March. Geneva; IPU (Inter-Parliamentary Union). 2001. Correspondence on women in government at the ministerial level. March. Geneva; Source; Millennium Development Goals Database | United Nations Statistics Division; Wikipedia; Homosexuality laws of the world

ALTERNATIVE NAMES Libya, Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyah al Uzma, libyan arab jamahiriya, the libyan arab jamahiriya

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